What Is Anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis, also known as allergic shock, is a severe and sudden allergic reaction that can become life-threatening if not treated immediately. It occurs after exposure to an allergen or specific trigger and can develop within seconds to minutes. If the following symptoms appear after allergen exposure, anaphylaxis should be suspected:

• Skin: Itching, rash, swelling of the lips, tongue, or inside the mouth
• Nervous System: Restlessness, fainting, loss of consciousness
• Respiratory System: Nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, coughing, hoarseness, breathing difficulties, chest tightness, wheezing
• Digestive System: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
• Cardiovascular System: Chest pain, rapid heartbeat, in rare cases, slow pulse, low blood pressure, dizziness, shock, cardiac arrest
• Genitourinary System: Lower abdominal pain

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Common Causes of Anaphylaxis

Identifying the exact cause of anaphylaxis is crucial for prevention and management. Avoidance of triggers and appropriate preparedness can help ensure a safe and healthy life.

Common Triggers:

• Foods: Peanuts, crabs, shrimp, fish, milk, eggs, fruits, buckwheat, soy, wheat, silkworm pupae
• Insect Venom: Bee stings, ant bites
• Medications: Pain relievers, antibiotics, contrast agents
• Other Causes: Exercise, temperature changes, latex

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How to Identify the Cause of Anaphylaxis

To determine the cause of anaphylaxis, the following tests may be performed:

1. Detailed Medical History: Identifying past allergic reactions and potential triggers
2. Allergy Skin Testing: Including skin prick tests and intradermal tests
3. Blood Tests:
   • Measuring tryptase and histamine levels involved in anaphylaxis
   • Identifying specific IgE antibodies for suspected allergens
4. Provocation Tests:
   • Conducted under strict medical supervision as they may trigger anaphylaxis

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How to Prevent Anaphylaxis

⚠️ Caution:

• Identify allergy triggers that can cause anaphylaxis.
• Learn and practice emergency response techniques.

🚫 Avoidance:

• Stay away from known allergens.
• Do not share cooking utensils to prevent cross-contact.
• Avoid potential cross-reactive allergens.
• Inform hospitals and pharmacies about your anaphylaxis history.

🆘 Immediate Actions:

• Call emergency services (911) and seek help from those nearby.
• If you have auto-injectable epinephrine, use it immediately.

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Emergency Treatment for Anaphylaxis

1. Remove or stop exposure to the trigger.
2. Lay the person flat and check consciousness, pulse, and breathing.
3. Call 911 immediately and seek help.
4. Administer epinephrine if available and record the time of injection.
5. Elevate the legs to maintain blood circulation.
6. Provide oxygen if available.
7. Seek emergency medical attention to monitor for secondary reactions.
   (Steps 3, 4, and 5 should be performed simultaneously.)

💡 Consult an allergist to obtain an epinephrine auto-injector.

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Important Precautions in Daily Life

Avoiding exposure to triggers can prevent anaphylaxis and ensure safety.

✅ Dining Out & Social Gatherings:

1. Inform restaurant staff about foods you must avoid.
2. Do not consume foods with unknown ingredients (e.g., sauces, seasonings).
3. Always check food labels for potential allergens.

✅ Outdoor Activities:

1. If you are allergic to bee stings, be cautious during hiking or outdoor trips.
2. Wear long-sleeved clothing and avoid perfumes, scented sprays, or bright-colored clothes, as they can attract insects.

✅ Travel Precautions:

1. Consult a doctor before planning your trip.
2. Prepare necessary medications, including epinephrine.
3. Keep essential medications on hand during travel (e.g., on airplanes, in cars).
4. Inform the airline about your condition before flying.
5. Research medical facilities at your destination in advance.

✅ When Taking Medications:

1. Write down the names of medications that cause allergic reactions and inform healthcare providers before receiving prescriptions.
2. Check the ingredients of new medications and supplements before use.

✅ Additional Precautionary Measures:
People with a history of anaphylaxis should carry an allergy alert card, bracelet, or necklace that lists their allergens and emergency treatment instructions. This allows bystanders and medical personnel to respond promptly in case of an emergency.